Development of Emulation Methods

by S Karki (ed.)
Finland, VTT, Laboratory of Heating and Ventilation, Research Notes 1514, 1993, 134 pp. + app.

Contents

INTRODUCTION TO EMULATION TECHNIQUES (authors Reijo Kohonen, Satu Karki, Juhani Hyvarinen)

THE PURPOSES OF EMULATORS

EMULATION VERSUS SIMULATION

ANNEX 17

EMULATORS BUILT BEFORE ANNEX 17

BEMS-EMULATION TECHNIQUES (authors Reijo Kohonen, Satu Karki, Juhani Hyvarinen)

CONFIGURATION OF AN EMULATOR

GENERAL SYSTEM MODEL OF BEMS

BEMS-FUNCTIONS TO BE EVALUATED

GUIDELINES FOR BUILDING AN EMULATOR (authors Shengwei Wang, Pierre Nusgens, Philip Haves)

GENERAL

HARDWARE DESIGN AND SELECTION

• Selection of Computers
• Selection of Communication Interfaces
• Examples of Building Emulator Configuration

SOFTWARE DESIGN AND SELECTION

SIMULATION SOFTWARE

• Simulation Programs
• Requirement for Component Models
• Component Models Used in Annex 17

COMMUNICATION SOFTWARE

• Software for Operating the Hardware Interface
• Software for Converting the Numerical Data
• Real Time Management
• Real Time Information Display

COMMISSIONING OF AN EMULATOR

COMMISSIONING OF HARDWARE AND COMMUNICATION SOFTWARE

COMMISSIONING OF SIMULATION SOFTWARE

A COMMISSIONING EXERCISE

EFFECTS OF COMMUNICATION INTERVAL

EMULATION EXERCISES (authors Henk C Peitsman, Shengwei Wang, Philip Haves)

INTRODUCTION

DESCRIPTION OF EXERCISE C1

• Building and Plant Simulation
• Models Not Documented in Subtask A1
• Envelope and Internal Gains
• Performance Criteria

STUDIES PERFORMED BY INDIVIDUAL PARTICIPANTS

COMPARISON OF RANKINGS OBTAINED BY DIFFERENT PARTICIPANTS

• Tests by TNO Delft and the University of Liege on BEMS No 1
• Tests by TNO Delft and the University of Liege on BEMS No 2
• Tests by TNO Delft and the University of Liege on BEMS No 3
• Tests by TNO Delft and US NIST on BEMS No 3
• Assessment of BEMS Nos 1 and 3 by TNO Delft and the University of Liege

DESCRIPTION OF EXERCISE C3

• Building and Plant Simulation
• Weather data and internal gains
• Component models used in emulation exercises
• BEMS to be tested
• The control strategy
• Preparation of the BEMS for testing
• Lessons learned by preparing the BEMS
• Comparison of results produced by ULG, VTT, TNO, NIST and CSTB

RESULTS OF BEMS 1

• Summer period BEMS 1
• Spring period BEMS 1
• Winter period BEMS 1
• The average PPD value of BEMS 1
• The average control activities of BEMS 1
• Summary of the errors BEMS 1

RESULTS OF BEMS 2

• Summer period BEMS 2
• Spring period BEMS 2
• Winter period BEMS 2
• The average PPD value of BEMS 2
• The average control activities of BEMS 2
• Summary of the errors BEMS 2

CONCLUSIONS FROM EXERCISE C1

CONCLUSIONS FROM EXERCISE C3

GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF BEMS USING EMULATORS (author George E Kelly)

INTRODUCTION

DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM HARDWARE

DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SOFTWARE

SET UP OF THE BEMS AND THE EMULATOR

• BEMS Preparation

§ Specification of points for connection between BEMS and Emulator
§ Specification of BEMS algorithm parameters

• Emulator Preparation

§ Physical Connection
§ Verification of Points
§ Calibration
§ Turning Local Control Loops

• Test Condition Selection

§ Weather
§ Building System Type
§ Building Use
§ Derived Conditions
§ Total Possible Sets of Test Conditions

EVALUATING OPERATING SYSTEM, COMMAND, AND DDC SOFTWARE

OPERATIONAL TESTING AND PERFORMANCE TESTING BEMS APPLICATION ALGORITHMS

• Operational Testing
• Performance Testing

§ Selecting Application Algorithms for Performance Testing
§ Summary of Test Characteristics and Test Period
§ Performance Test Procedure

• Verification of Correct BEMS Operation
• Selection of Specific Time to Start Test
• Time Synchronization
• Test Initiation
• Duration of Tests
• Test Failure
• Test Failure Indication Observed on the Emulator
• Test Failure Indication Observed on BEMS
• Ending Tests
• Sequence of Tests - Different Climate Conditions
• Generation of Test Results

§ Criteria for Evaluation

• Energy Savings
• Occupant Comfort
• Maintenance Requirements Due to Wear
• BEMS Algorithm Errors

§ Test Results

• Energy Results
• Comfort Results
• Maintenance Indicators
• Event Logs

EVALUATING BEMS PROGRAMMING CAPABILITIES

DDC CONTROL LOOP PERFORMANCE

SUGGESTED BEMS RATING METHODOLOGY

AN EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF EMULATION TECHNIQUES FOR BEMS QUALITY ASSESSMENT (authors Jean-Christophe Visier, Hossein Vaezi-Nejad, Mireille Jandon, Christian Henry)

INTRODUCTION

THE EMULATOR USED

ASSESSMENT PROCEDURE

• Main principles
• Assessment under conditions close to reality
• The building and the heating system being taken into consideration

SPECIFICATIONS

• Assessment criteria
• First results

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

APPENDIX A ROUGH ESTIMATES ON SAVINGS GAINED BY APPLYING BEMS ENERGY SAVING FUNCTIONS

APPENDIX B SUGGESTED HARDWARE CONSIDERATIONS

APPENDIX C BEMS SOFTWARE FEATURES

APPENDIX D TYPICAL BEMS APPLICATION PROGRAMS

APPENDIX E FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE PERFORMANCE TESTING OF SELECTED BEMS SUPERVISORY ALGORITHMS

APPENDIX F DESCRIPTION AND CONTROL STRATEGY OF THE HAVAC SYSTEM USED IN THE EMULATION EXERCISES OF ANNEX 17

APPENDIX G SPECIFICATION OF TYPES UTILISED IN ANNEX 17 EMULATION EXERCISES C1 AND C3

APPENDIX H INDIVIDUALS INVOLVED WITH EMULATORS IN ANNEX 17